Reinforced-concrete railroad-tie.



l.. GREEN.

REINFORCED CONCRETE RAILROAD TIE.

APPLICATmN FILED JUNE 12. 1913.

.. GREEN.

REINFORCED CONCRETE RAILROAD TIE.

APPLICATION FILED IUIIE I2, .1913.

Paiated Jan. 30, M317.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

L. GREEN.

REINFORCED CONCRETE RAILROAD TIE.

vAPPLILATION FILED JUNE l2. 1913.

muted Jan@ 30, 19W.

sHEETs-SHEET 3.

Figure il.

Figure i2. y

Figure a L. @Izm REINFORCED CONCRETE RAILROAD TIE.

APPLICATION FILED )UNE I2, 1913. l n, Patented 32m. 30, 191x.

Figure 18 L. GREEN.

REINFOHCED CONCRETE RAI'LRAU iE.

Patente@ '305 mi?.

:TIT:

APPLECATION FILED JUNE 12, i913.

L. GREEN. RElNFORCED CONCRETE HALRAD TIE.

am. 39, El?,

APPLCATION FILED JUNE l2, i913.

Patene no ou )LOL'S GREEN, OF LONDGN, ENGLAND.

RENFOBGEIl-CQNCRETE RALRO-TX.

vfpeciication of Letters Patent. Paenjg@ Jana 3Q?? Pg Application filed.June 12, 1913. Serial No. 773, 78. J

To all whom z', may concern.'

Be it lrnown that lf, Louis GREEN, civil engineer, a subject of the Kingof Great Britain, residing at 172 Palace Chambers, Bridge street,London, England, have invented a certain new and useful Reinforced-Goncrete Railroad-Tie, of which the following is a specification.

'lhis invention relates to the method of supporting and holding down therails forming the permanent way of railways, tramways, tramroads and thelike, and consists in the application and combination of various formsof cast iron, wrought iron or steel and concrete as hereinafterspecified for the production of an elastic and durable sleeper railbearer or carrier, and the arrangement and combination of certaindevices or means for securing the rails to the same-more especially (o)The use of cast iron, Wroughtiron and steel plates or chairs bent ormolded int-o vsuitable forms, among others, those shown on the drawingshereto appended, for the purpose of carrying the rails and securing themto the sleepers, either rigidly by the plate being in Contact with thesleeper, or elastically by the plate being some disy tance away from thesleeper so that the plate Cri may .act as a spring between the rail andthe sleeper as may be required, and the like.

(o) The combination of parts consists of cast iron, Wrought "iron orsteel and concrete to form an independent support or sleeper under eachrail, in the mannei; now effected by cast iron pot sleepers or platesleepers,

and the two supports or sleepers being connected by a. tie-rod (or otherdevice) to keep the rails to gage.

(c) The special form of reinforcement for combining the cast iron,wrought iron or steel plates with the concrete which may be described asfollows :-The ends of the bent plate (which are to be splayed in such amanner as may be found suitable, among others. those shown on thedrawings) are tied together with iron or steel wire or rods to preventany bursting effect that the plate when pressed down may tend to producein the sleeper.

(of) A forni of sleeper for use in combination with the above, referred'to in the aforesaid paragraphs (fr.) and designed as a. cantalifer soas to distribute uniformly he whole weight put on the sleeper over itswhole bearing surface on the ground.

' per line of reinforcement.

The combination and arrangement of parts of this invention may bebriefly described as follows1 The first series of combinations and partsis shown in JFigures l to e. In Fig. l the left half is a Side elevation,and the right half a vertical longitudinal' section. l'n Fig. 2 theleft half is a plan. and the right half a horizontal section showing theupper system of reinforcement. Figis a second horizontal sectional planshowing lower .system of reinforcement. Fig. Il is a cross s'...t.oo ,online 4%, Fig. 3.

The second series of combinations and parts is shown in Figs. 5,' 6 and7. ln Fig. 5 the left half is a side elevation and the right half a`fel-tical longitudinal section. In Fig. 6 the left half is a plan andthe right half a horizontal section showing the up-I Fig. 7 is a seoondhorizontal section showing the lower system of reinforcement. i

The third series of combinations and parts is shown in' lFigs. 8 to Li.Fig. 8 is a side elevation. Fig'. 9 is a cross. sectional elevation.Fig; l is a plan. Fig. ll is a horizontal section showing the uppersystem of reinforcement.. 12 is a second hori- Zontal section with lowersystem pf Areinforcement. Figs. 13 and lll are cross sections.

The fourth series of combinations and parts is shown in Figs. l to 2l.Fig. l5 is a side elevation. Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation. Fig. 17is a plan. Fig. '18 is a hori- Zontal section showing the upper systemof reinforcement. Fig. 19 is a second horizon'- tal section showing thelower system of re inforcement. Figs. 20 and 2l. are cross sections.

T he fifth series of combinations and parts is shown in Figs. 22, 23 and24;. in Fig. 22 the left half is a side elevation mid the right half avertical longitudiiialv section. In Fig. 2? the left half is a plan andthe right half a horizontal section showing the system of reinforcement.Fig. 2.4 is a cross section on line Figs. 22 and 23.

The sixth series of combinations and arts is shown in Figs. 25 to 28. lnFig. 25 the left half isa side elevation and the right half a i, `ticallongitudinal section. In lig. right half a horizontal section showingthe upper system of reinforcement. Fig. 27

shows a 26 the left half is a plan and the half sectional plan withlower sys` tem of reinforcement. Fig. 28 shows a cross section at centerof sleeper. f

Referring to Figs. 1-4 of the drawings,

the cross-sleeper lcomposed of cement con crete, strengthened with apreferably steel reinforcement, is, as illustrated, of uniform.

also chamfered away to an Aincreasing extent toward the center of thesleeper. The underside of the sleeper is straight. The two legs orsupporting .members of the chair are arranged one on each side of therail-1, and, as shown,`splayed out with respect to one another andtransversely of the track or rail, while the embedded portions of thelegs are preferably divided into a number of tongues, which are also ina known manner splayedr out in different di* rections and for 4wellunderstood reasons. The aforesaid tongues are; also suitably splayed outin order that they may according to the present invention be tiedtogether, by means preferably forminfg part of the longitudinal ties ofthe rein oreng system with the object of avoiding as far as possible anybursting effect on the concrete due to load lon the rails, thusincidentally diminishing the amount of disintegration of the concrete byreducing to a corresponding extent the amount of vibration in the lowerportions of the legs under a rolling load.` l

The reinforcing members comprise an upper and a lower system ofpreferably wires or rods and hoops of wrought iron,

' lor other suitable metal, but preferably of steel. y

As may be seen in Fig. 1,*the upper and lower systems are parallelthroughout the greater part of the length of the sleeper and toward theends of the sleeper incline together and finally are united at the .ex-

treme ds.

The upper system of reinforcement, as shown in Fig. 2, comprises a hoopor rightangled link 7 at each end'o the sleeper having the inner endinterlaced with the adjacent set of aforesaid tongues on the leg of thecorresponding chair and provided with a .transverse stay 7a midway ofits length; a hoop or link 8 on the opposite side of each chair withtransverse parallel end bars, the outer bar of each link 8 beinginterlaced with the corresponding adjacent set of aforesaid tongues; aset of three looped rods 10 connecting the inner adia .cent bars of thetwo links 8; a single looped rod 10S tor each link 8 centrallyconnecting the inner and outer transverse bars thereof and four loopedrods l0b connecting the outer transverse bar of each link 8 withftheinner transverse bar of the corresponding link 7.

The lower` system of reinforcement, .as shown in'Fig. 3., comprises ahoop or right laced with the corresponding set et store said tongues; aset of three looped rnds connectingfthe inner transverse bars of the twolinks 9;-a set of two'looped rods-19d connecting the inner with theouter trans angled link 9' for each chair having .the Vinner and outertransverse bars each interverse bar of each link 9' and a set of fourlooped rods l0" connecting the'oiiter trans verse bar of each link 9withy the outer transverse bar of the corresponding link 'i' in theupper system. i'

The upper and lower systems are further. interconnected, as shown inFigs. l, and 3, by diagonally arranged looped rods il connecting theinner transverse barofeach link 8 inthe upper systeniwith the innertransverse bar ofthe corres )ending link 9 in the lower system. Thetransverse bars of each link 9 in the lower system are also furtherstayed by a set of two rods il. looped varound said bars and bent atfirst diagonally toward the V'center line -of the rail and then parallelto and at the saine` level as the tie rods 10b in the uppersystemconnecting the links 8 and 7.

Instead of looped rods, singleroda or wires may be employed and htheirnumber increased. l I 'I The'diagonal rods 11 may be reversed indirection so as to extend downward from the transverse bars of the links8 and ii the upper system or both sets of diagonal 'rods may be used.

g The chair, as shown in Fig. his designedy /t'or a bull-headcd rail .land isA made oit" rai on that side, I may provide a cast-iron or A steelstop 6 adaptedA by extensions at each end to embrace the inner jaw ofthe chair. This stop` serves to preserve the proper width or gagebetween the rails and is ea pable of circular movement as about a pivotconstituted 'by the rounded upper extremity of said jaw, as shown bydotted lines at the left hand of Fig. 1. This arrangement is such thatthe path of movement of the outer heiress g extremity off the stop isintersected hy the corresponding shoulder of the head of the rail, thusallowing the rail to be withdrawn from the chair,v while the stop 6itself -oan- `not be removed without first withdrawing the rail. llfheusual rail key is shown at 3. The legs 5 may be given a slight outwardeamher.

The reinforced cross-sleeper 12, illustrated in Figs. 57is identical inevery respect with that already described with reference to Figs. L4,except that a resilient wrought iron or mild steel support 13 isprovided for a fiat-bottomed rail 2 secured in a known manner by a lrey14 and the excess concrete material around 'the embedded legs` of thesupport is-shaped accordingly. The two supporting members or legs of theresilient support 13 are splayed out, partly elnbedded and preventedfrom spreading as already described.

Referring to Figs. 8-14, the independent block sleepers 15 are providedwith rail chairs lil affording a resilient seating for 'the rail., asalready described with reference Vtral portion of said cross-sleeperbeing'ob- Viously not present, the links 2C', 2l, and connecting loopedrods 211 in the upper systern corresvi'ionding to the links l and 8 andlooped rods b respectively of Fig. l, the -tie rods 23 and Q31corresponding to the tie rods lla and l0" connecting the links 8 and 'l'ot Fig. l, to the link 9, the link 22 in the lower system correspondiiigto the link 9, the looped rods 221 to the looped rods l0" and diagonalties 24, interconnecting the upper and lower systems also as describedwith reference to F ig. i. rllie under-surface of the sleepers, however,instead of being straight7 is inclined upwardly and outwardly on eitherside of the center linof.

the rail.

The chair 1G is moreover raised suilicienzly to enable 'the usual gageor tie rod or har 17 to he passed throughvslots in both legs oi thechairs with a clearance between the lower edge of the bar and the uppersuriacc of the sleeper-and between the upper edge ofthe bar and thelower surface of the rail seating, so that the gage har may act on lvothlegs, tying them together and maintaining the resilient nature andsuspension oi the seating." incidentally the tie bar 17 thus employedacts to reduce any furtherk tendency to produce a bursting effect on theconcrete by spreading of the legs under load, as Well as anyl tendencyto disintegrate the concrete by obstructing the travel downu 7o ward ofvibration in the legs of the chair under a rolling load. The tie rod orbar 17. is therefore conveniently made of sufficient length to extend onboth sides ot the track through 'both legs of the chairs, the said'ftlegsbeingbraced together and the gage ofiy the rails maintained by acott'er 18 and gib i9 for instance.

ln Figs. 2l independent block sleepers 25 are shown identical with thesleepers 15.180

shown in Figs. 8-14, but provided with a re-v silient seating 26 for afiat-bottomed rail 2. The gage or tie bar 17 is utilized in a likemanner and for like purposes as the bar 17 already` described withreference to e 1gs. 85

With reference to the modified arrangement of reinforcement illustratedas applied to a cross-sleeper 27 in Figs. 22-241-.The I' longitudinalrods arevpitched apart so as to conform more or less to the desiredshape of the sleeper and are adapted to form the upper and lower chordsof a girder on the cantaliver system, the rods of the two chords beingsuitably connected together the ends 5:5

of the sleeper, and the rods in each bottom being stayed apartv bytransverse binding ires 29.y The width of the lower chord is'. uniformthroughout its length. The width of the upper chord is at a minimumjatthe le@ center of the sleeper, widening out in a substantiallygradual'inanner toward each end of the sleeper. Thev depth of thegirders is greatest at the center of the sloepen.'

gradually diminishing toward each end of 165 the sleeper upwardly andoutwardly, the hase of the sleeper following the same contour and theupper chord declining downwardly andl outwardly from the center of thesleeper. Each longitudinal rod of the uppenchord is connected to thecorresponding longitudinal rod in the lower chord hy rings 28, the innerrings being preferably in a staggered relation to the outer rings, asshown. The splayed ltongues at. the ernbedded ends of the legs of therail chairs 5, or it may be of the rail supports, are interlaced withthe reinforcing girders and prevented from spreading by transverse hersil() secured firmly to the rods of the upper chord. The undersurtace ofthe sleeper in clines upwardly and outwardly 'from the center7 followingthe contour of the girder, and the upper surface of the 'sleeper may bechamfered oil. as shown.

ln the modied arrangement of reinforce ment as applied to across-sleeper and illustrat/ed in Rigs. 25-28, the reinforcing elementsas described with reference to Figs. l-4 are utilized as the upper andlowger syssleeper being further tems of the ysleeper 3l, thecorresponding connecting rods l to an increased number and rods F in theupper and lower systems respectively at the central-x portion of theconnected together by additional' diagonall arrangedl rods l0 loopedaround 'an additional centrally ar- ,in the yup er sys-` tem 'andcorresponding" transverse the lower; system, whereb the load istransei're'd tofthewcenter oiynthe sleeper, which is ,deepest aty 'thatpoint, 'the ,upper and lower system of reinforcement beingcorreslpondingly''.inolined.`

should be'understood that the extent to which the legs of the railsupport are embedded depends" upon the proportions ofthe legs and theextent o the one hand and the desired upon the other hand, It shouldalso be' 'understood thaty tlie expression rail support for the railwhether of :the anged or double-headed type or a support for an in-'termediate rail carrier whether rigid or resilient,

The arrangements of reinforcing elements' l hereinbefore vdescribed'areadapted inevery 'and also in concrete sleeper, a strip of metal bent toembedded in said sleeper and prevent form a resilient seating for a railand having opposite supportingA legs splayed transversely of the railfor said seating, said legs being partly embedded in said sleeper, and

non extensible members between and di' rectly connected to said legs forpreventing' said legs from linotlier.l Y

2. A railroad tie, comprising a relnforced concrete" sleeper, a stripof' metal bent to form a resilient chair, seating for a `flanged railand two supporting legs splayed transversely of the rail for said chair,said legs being partly embedded in said sleeper, and nonextensiblemembers'between and directly connected to said legs for preventing saidlegs from another.

3. A. railroad tie, comprising a relnforced concrete sleeper, a strip`of metal bent to form a resilient seatin for'a rail and two supportinglegs splaye transversely voi tbe rail for said seating, said legsbelngeartly from spreading relatively to one another by inemhers fromingpart of the longitudlnnl ties of spreading relatively to one tbe rollingload on amount of elasticity a direotsupf .auch as a chair' rails only,orandl the rail sup' metrically with respect spreading relatively to onethe reinforcement of said sleeper, said .members being between anddirectly connected to saidv legs.

4. A railroad tie, comprising a concrete sleeper reinforced. by upperand lower longitudinal'rnembe'rs andvby terminal transverse membersconnecting together said upper longitudinal members with said lower longitudinal members and by intermediate transverse members connectingtogether said upper andY lower longitudinal members Arespectively,'astrip of metal bent to form a resilient seating for arail and havingtwo' opposite supporting legs splayed transversely of the rail for, saidseating, said legs being partly embedded in saidv s eeper and .fsaidintermediate transverse' members being between and directly connectedvto 'said legs to prevent said legs'fi'rom spreading .relatively to oneanother. f

5; A railroad tie, comprising a concrete cross-sleeper reinforced by anupper and lower system of longitudinal and transverse members, saidupper system being located above the neutral, zone and consisting of twoend portions, each arranged symmetrically Witli respect to the center oftbecorrespending rail and comprising terminal closed hoops andintermediate connecting`- the adjacent transverse portions of the twoVadjacent terminal closed lioo'ps of the said two end portions, saidlower system consisting of two end portions,

corresponding rail and comprising acentral 'closed hoopA located belowsaid neutral Zone, y longitudlnal ties connecting the .transverseportions of said central boopwitli the outer transverse portions of saidterminal hoops in said upper system and diagonal ties convnected withthe transverse portions of said yond said neutral lzone, `formingtogether withy saidlongitudinalties in the lower s stem a series oftrusses on ,each side o a rail and of a central portion consisting oflongitudinal ties connecting the adjacent transverse portions of theeachl arranged `Syln-vv 1j to the'center of theY central hoop andextending upwardly be.

two said central hoops and `rail supports, each having por-A tionsembedded of the corresponding series of Asaid trusses,

whereby the thrusts of said supports are distributed,

t lower system of longitudinal andtransverse members, said upper systembeing locatedi above the neutral -zone and consisting of two endportions, ecb arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of thecorrespond` ing rail and comprising terminal closed hoops andintermediate connecting longitudinal ties, and of a central portionconsist- 6. A 'railroad tie, comprising 'a concrete cross-sleeperreinforced by an upper and in said sleeper at'tbe `apices hoop locatedbelow said neutral Zone,

Lampes Ving of longitudinal ties connecting theadj aof the two adjacentcent transverse portions terminal closed hoops of the said two endportions, said lower system consisting of two end portions, eacharranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the correspondinglrail and comprisingy a central closed longitudinal ties connecting thetransverse portions of said central hoop with the outer transverseportions of said terminal hoops in said upper system and diagonal tiesconnected with the transverse portions of said central hoop and`extending upwardly beyond said neutral zone, forming together with saidlongitudinal ties in the lower sys tem a series or trusses on each sideof a rail and of a central portion consisting of longitudinal tiesconnecting the adjacent transverse portions of the two said centralhoops, and rail supports, each consisting of a strip of metal bent toform a resilient seating Jfor the corresponding rail and two supportinglegs splayed transversely of the 'ail for said seating, said legs beingpartly cnr bedded in said sleeper at the apices of the correspf'indinfrseries of said trusses whereby the thrusts o? said supports aredistributed.

7. A railroad tie, comprising a concrete y cross-sleeper reinforced byan upper and lower system of longitudinal and ,transverse members, saidupper system being located above the neutral Zone and consisting of twoend portions, each arranged symmetrically with respect to the center-'ofthe corresponding rail and 'comprising terminal closed hoops andintermediate connecting longitudinal ties, and of a central portionconsisting of longitudinal ties connecting the adjacent transverseportions ot' the two adjacent terminal closed hoops of the said two endportions, said lower system consisting of two ond portions, eacharranged symmetrically with respect to the center of thecorrespondingrail and comprising a central closed hoop located belowsa'id neutral zone,

longitudinal ties connecting the transverse portions of said centralhoop with the outer transverse portions of said terminal hoops in saidupper system and diagonal ties connected with the transverse portions ofsaid ing series of f to act as an abutment between central hoop andextending upwardly 'teyond said neutral zone, forming together with saidlongitudinal. ties in the lower s stem a series of trusses on each sideof a ran and of a central portion consisting onf tudinalf tiesconnecting the adjacent t verse portions of the two said centrai hoo andrail supports, each consisting of a 'ft of metal bent to form a chairseating l; bull-headed rail and two supporting l. splayed transverselyoi? said rail for sa chair,'said legs being partly embedded in .aidsleeper at the apices oi the correspond said trusses and, being adaptedto be engaged by said upper and lower tenis of reinforcement so as to bepreve nted from spreading relatively to one another.

S. A railroad tie, comprising a reinforced concrete sleeper, a railsupport consistingl of a strip of metal bent to .torni a resilient chairseating ior a bull-headed rail and two supporting legs splayedtransversely oi: the rail, said legs being partly embedded in saidsleeper vertical portion on one side of said rail, seating portion forthe bottoni of said rail and a portion adapted to hold thel rail wedge,rand a pivotable metal stop to embrace the upper' end oir said vertieai.portion of said chair seating and normally sponding lower face of theupper head oi? said rail and said upper end and when clear of said faceto be moved into a Vertical position clear ot' said head.

i). A railroad tie, comp ising a rei f concrete sleeper, a strip ofinet-al bent forni a seating for a rail, and having oppod sitesupporting legs splayed transversely for the said seating, said legsbeing partiy embedded in the said sleeper, and non-e21- tensible membersbetween said opposite and adapted to prevent them `from spreadingrelatively to one another. i

In witness whereoia I have hereunto hand in presence of two witnesses.

LUlS GREEN Witnesses HENRY BIRKBECK, O. J. i/Von'rrn and said chairseating comprising a the corre-- adapted

